Trypanosoma Cruzi - Parasite of Chagas Disease

Hi there.  It has been a year since my physic & mind were down again due to my deteriorated heart failure.  I could not even think clearly or even sit down for several hours to write something as usual.  Now, i will try to add my short posts by all means...

Trypanosoma cruzi as a Protozoa, is an organism that have single nucleus, which rises to one mitochondrial DNA.  It reproduce asexually using binary fission.   In particular stage, T.cruzi lives in blood and tissue of vertebrate, which become the next stage while they live in invertebrate vectors as the temporary host. Triatoma infectans, as TC's vectors, carry the parasite before humans, even have a nick name of "Kiss of Death" (Chagas Disease) and very famous in South America.  

In the infectious stage, the parasite will enter the wounded skin that possibly caused by bite wound or scratched skin abrasion.T.cruzi will transmute in its lifecycle after it resides in human from insect. The common forms are trypomastigote, amastigote, sluggish trypomastigote, and epimastigote, which will target their attack into human immune system at the first place. Tryps are 20 micron long and 3 micron wide, and will continue attacking neuron and muscles tissue.

Triatominae (the kissing bug)  is the infectant of T.Cruzi to human

Scientific Classification : 

Kingdom : Animalia; 

Phylum : Arthropoda; 

Class : Insecta; 

Order : Hemiptera; 

Family : Reduviidae; 

Subfamily : Triatominae

Trypanosoma Cruzi

Scientific Classification : 

Domain  : Eukarya
Kingdom: Eucavata; 

Phylum : Euglenozoa; 

Class  :   Kinetoplastida; 

Order  : Trypanosomatida; 

Genus : Trypanosoma; 

Species : Trypanosoma Cruzi

Many experts of Chagas disease have experimented several crucial processes that occur with cardiomyopathies.  At first, is an inflammatory results, and are followed by the cellular rupture or damage, until the last step of body recovering response from the cellular damage, fibrosis begins in the cardiac tissue.  There are several clinical manifestations of the body, depends on which side of the cardiac is affected by Chagasic cardiomyopathy, which all lead to heart failure syndrome.

If the right side of heart are damaged, there are tendencies of edema, ascites, hepatomegaly, and pathologic jugular turgor.  All of those symptoms are the results of poor of venous blood removal.  In the other hand, if the left side of heart are damaged, there are tendencies of pulmonary congestion and low cardiac output.  Also appear in heart failure condition, is apical aneurysm and weakened the endocardial-pericardial junction. At certain condition, a chronic Chagas disease will cause autonomic dysfunction, including heart rate abnormalities due to physiological stresses such as orthostatic testing.  Thromboembolic syndrome is another cardiomyopathy that we can find almost in all cases of Chronic Chagas.   As a "thrombosis", thromboembolism become a clot formation with embolism as its main complication.   This may cause blockage to a distal section of a vessel.   At the of story, the blockage will be the main cause that contributes the death of a patient by 4 ways:

1. Arrhythmias,
2. Stasis secondary to cardiac dilation, 
3. Mural endocarditis,
4. Cardiac fibrosis.

And their collateral organs damages are brain, spleen, and kidney.